What To Do If Bitten By Arattlesnake While Hiking

Picture this: You’re miles from civilization, enjoying the serenity of nature, when suddenly you hear it—that bone-chilling rattle. Before you can react, a sharp pain shoots through your leg. You’ve just been bitten by a rattlesnake. What now? This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about what to do if bitten by a rattlesnake while hiking, from prevention to survival and recovery.

Understanding Rattlesnakes: Know Your Foe

Rattlesnakes are a fact of life for hikers in many parts of the United States. These venomous pit vipers are found in diverse habitats, from deserts to forests. While they’d rather avoid humans, encounters do happen. Here’s a quick rundown of common rattlesnake species you might encounter on the trail:

• Western Diamondback: Found in the Southwest
• Timber Rattlesnake: Common in the Eastern US
• Eastern Diamondback: Largest species, found in the Southeast
• Prairie Rattlesnake: Inhabits the Great Plains and Western states

Rattlesnakes typically bite humans as a defensive measure. They’re not out to get you—you’ve just startled them. Understanding their behavior can help you avoid a bite in the first place.

Prevention: Your First Line of Defense

When it comes to rattlesnake bites, prevention is worth a pound of cure. Here are some key steps to reduce your risk:

1. Wear proper hiking attire: Long pants, sturdy boots, and thick socks can provide a barrier against bites.
2. Stay alert: Watch where you step and place your hands, especially in rocky or brushy areas.
3. Use hiking poles: They can help you probe areas ahead and potentially alert snakes to your presence.
4. Hike with a buddy: Having someone with you can be crucial if you do get bitten.

Pro Tip: Pack a first aid kit specifically designed for snake bites. It should include:

• Compression bandages
• A marker to circle the bite area
• A snake bite suction device (though their effectiveness is debated)
• Pain relievers
• Antihistamines

The Moment of Truth: You’ve Been Bitten

Let’s face it—despite your best efforts, you’ve been bitten by a rattlesnake while hiking. Your actions in the next few minutes are critical. Here’s what to do:

1. Stay calm: Easier said than done, but panic can increase heart rate and spread venom faster.
2. Remove constrictive items: Take off rings, watches, or tight clothing near the bite area.
3. Position the bite below heart level: This can slow venom spread.
4. Clean the wound: Use soap and water if available, or just clean water.
5. Mark the edge of the swelling: This helps medical professionals track the spread of venom.

Just as important is what NOT to do:

• Don’t try to suck out the venom
• Don’t apply a tourniquet
• Don’t apply ice
• Don’t attempt to capture the snake

Getting Help: When You’re Miles from Nowhere

Now comes the tricky part—getting medical help when you’re in the backcountry. Your course of action depends on your situation:

If You Have Cell Service:

1. Call 911 immediately
2. Provide your exact location (use GPS coordinates if possible)
3. Stay put and wait for rescue if advised

If You Don’t Have Cell Service:

1. If you’re with others, send someone for help
2. If alone, you may need to hike out
   • Move slowly and rest often
   • Keep the bite area below heart level
   • Stop immediately if you experience severe symptoms

“Time is tissue when it comes to rattlesnake bites. The sooner you get medical attention, the better your outcome will likely be.” – Dr. Steven Curry, Medical Toxicologist

Medical Treatment: What to Expect

Once you reach medical care, here’s what typically happens:

1. Assessment: Doctors will evaluate the severity of the bite and your overall condition.
2. Antivenom: If needed, you’ll receive CroFab, the standard antivenom for North American pit viper bites.
3. Monitoring: You’ll be closely watched for at least 24 hours for signs of complications.

Antivenom Facts
Type	CroFab (Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab)
Origin	Sheep antibodies
Effectiveness	Can stop or reverse most venom effects
Side Effects	Possible allergic reactions
Cost	Can exceed $10,000 per vial

Real-Life Rattlesnake Bite Stories

Let’s look at two case studies to see how rattlesnake bites can play out:

Case Study 1: The Solo Hiker

John, an experienced hiker, was bitten while solo hiking in Arizona. He managed to call 911 before losing cell service. Despite being 7 miles from the trailhead, he decided to hike out. By the time he reached help, his leg was severely swollen. He spent five days in the hospital and required 26 vials of antivenom.

Lesson: Even experienced hikers can be bitten. Always hike with a partner in rattlesnake country.

Case Study 2: The Prepared Group

Sarah was hiking with friends in Texas when she was bitten. Her group had a satellite communicator and was able to call for a helicopter evacuation. They also had a well-stocked first aid kit and were able to properly clean and wrap the wound. Sarah was in the hospital within two hours and made a full recovery.

Lesson: Proper preparation and communication devices can make a huge difference in outcomes.

Read This Post: How Long Does Hiking the Appalachian Trail Take? A Thru-Hiker’s Guide

After the Bite: Recovery and Getting Back on the Trail

Recovery from a rattlesnake bite can take weeks or even months. Physical therapy may be needed to regain full use of the bitten limb. Many survivors also deal with anxiety about returning to the trail.

Tips for getting back to hiking:

1. Start with short, easy hikes in areas with cell service
2. Hike with a support group or understanding friends
3. Consider taking a wilderness first aid course to boost confidence

Remember, while rattlesnake bites are serious, they’re also rare. With proper precautions and knowledge of what to do if bitten by a rattlesnake while hiking, you can enjoy the trails with confidence.

Conclusion: Be Prepared, Not Scared

Knowing what to do if bitten by a rattlesnake while hiking is crucial for any outdoor enthusiast. By understanding rattlesnake behavior, taking preventive measures, and knowing how to respond in case of a bite, you’re well-equipped to handle this rare but serious situation. Remember:

• Prevention is your best defense
• If bitten, stay calm and seek medical help immediately
• Proper preparation can make a life-saving difference

Don’t let fear of rattlesnakes keep you off the trails. Instead, arm yourself with knowledge and enjoy the great outdoors safely and confidently.